Adjective and relative clause

Adjective clauses are dependent clauses used to modify nouns or pronouns. An adjective clause usually immediately follows the noun or pronoun it modifies (see Misplaced Modifiers). A common type of adjective clause is the relative clause. As with other modifiers, punctuation with adjective clauses is determined by whether the clauses are restrictive or nonrestrictive.

A dependent clause used as an adjective within a sentence. Also known as an adjectival clause or a relative clause. An adjective clause usually begins with a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose), a relative adverb (where, when, why), or a zero relative.
A relative clause is always used to join together two sentences that share one of their arguments. For example, the sentence "The man that I saw yesterday went home" is equivalent to the following two sentences: "The man went home. I saw the man yesterday." In this case, "the man" occurs as argument to both sentences. Note that there is no requirement that the shared argument fulfills the same role in both of the joined sentences; indeed, in this example, "the man" is subject of the first, but direct object of the second.

Examples :

The happy man walking across the street.

Happy is an adjective modifying the noun man.

It is telling us which man.

(Remember that Which one? is one of the adjective questions.)

Which man? The happy man.

Now, look at this sentence :

The man who looks happy walking across the street.

This time, a whole clause is modifying the noun man.

The clause is still telling us which man.

Which man? The man who looks happy.

This clause is an adjective clause. It is a group of words with a subject and a verb, and it is acting as one part of speech - an adjective.

Here are examples using these relative pronouns :

·         The person who made the barack needs your help to clean it. (modifying person)

·         The girl whom you teach is my nephew. (modifying girl)

·         People whose dogs shed need to vacuum often. (modifying people)

·         This is the house that randall built. (modifying house)

·         The book which I had not read fell on my head. (modifying book)

Here are several examples of sentences with the adjective clauses underlined :

·         Pizza, which most people love, is not very healthy.

·         The people whose names are on the list will go to camp.

·         Grandpa remembers the old days when there was no television. 

·         Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.

·         Students who are intelligent get good grades.

·         Eco-friendly cars that run on electricity save gas.

·         I know someone whose father served in World War II.

Article Containing Adjective Clauses :

Global Warming & Climate Change

Global warming has become perhaps the most complicated issue facing world leaders. Warnings from the scientific community are becoming louder, as an increasing body of science points to rising dangers from the ongoing buildup of human-related greenhouse gases — produced mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and forests.

Global emissions of carbon dioxide jumped by the largest amount on record in 2010, upending the notion that the brief decline during the recession might persist through the recovery. Emissions rose 5.9 percent in 2010, according to the Global Carbon Project, an international collaboration of scientists. The increase solidified a trend of ever-rising emissions that scientists fear will make it difficult, if not impossible, to forestall severe climate change in coming decades.

However, the technological, economic and political issues that have to be resolved before a concerted worldwide effort to reduce emissions can begin have gotten no simpler, particularly in the face of a global economic slowdown.

For almost two decades, the United Nations has sponsored annual global talks, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, an international treaty signed by 194 countries to cooperatively discuss global climate change and its impact. The conferences operate on the principle of consensus, meaning that any of the participating nations can hold up an agreement.

The conflicts and controversies discussed are monotonously familiar: the differing obligations of industrialized and developing nations, the question of who will pay to help poor nations adapt, the urgency of protecting tropical forests and the need to rapidly develop and deploy clean energy technology.

But the meetings have often ended in disillusionment, with incremental political progress but little real impact on the climate. The negotiating process itself has come under fire from some quarters, including the poorest nations who believe their needs are being neglected in the fight among the major economic powers. Criticism has also come from a small but vocal band of climate-change skeptics, many of them members of the United States Congress, who doubt the existence of human influence on the climate and ridicule international efforts to deal with it.

Exercises :

1.      I talked to the women. She was sitting next to me. (Who)

I talked to the women who was sitting next to me.

2.      I have a class. It begins at 8.00 AM. (Which)

I have a class which begins at 8.00 AM.

3.      The man called the police. His car was Stolen. (Whose)

The man called the police whose car was stolen.

4.      The building is very old. He lives there. (Where)

The building is very old where he lives.

5.      The woman was Ms. Silvy. I saw her. (Whom)

The woman whom I saw was Ms. Silvy.

http://www.enotes.com/topic/Relative_clause

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/science/topics/globalwarming/index.html

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/example-adjective-clauses.html

COCONUT TREE

Coconut is a fruit of the coconut palm tree, its trunk is one two feet in diameter. It has no branches baut carries a crown leaves of about 70 to 100 feet above the ground, its lives is like a feather and with many segments. Lives are ussualy 10 to 20 feet long. The coconut fruit hang at the bases of the leaves in clusters of about 10 to 15. Saveal clusters ripen during a year. A tree many produce 200 coconuts a year, but the average is just around 40. Coconut tree grows wild on tropical seacoasts, and cultivated in moist, frost ree climates, itis aboundant in southeast asian countries.

When coconut rippen, they fall from the tree and are frequently washed out to the sea. Some many drift for months before there are cast up by hte waves on to the shore. After to 4 to 5 months, the seed sprouts anda new tree begins to grow. In about 6 years the tree will begin to bear coconut and it will reach its full bearing time at 20 years. Coconut tree is very strong it can resist strong thypoons, coconut tree does not also need a lot maintenance unike the mango tree which needs a lot care and fertilizers.

The coconut has a smooth greenish covering. Within the outer shell is a fibrous hask one to two inches. The inner shell is brown an hard. When the coconut is still young it contains a large ammount of fluid or juice, during this stage the coconut meat is ideal to be eaten alone can be us for salad or can be added with milk a nutricional srink. When the coconut mature most fluid is absorbed and its fleash tickens and hardens.   

BAMBOO

Bamboos are woddy grasses that grow up to 15 meters tall. The leaves are grasslike and the stems are the familiar bamboo used a furniture and fishing poles.

Look for bamboo in warm, moist regions in open or jungle country, in lowland, or on montains. Bamboos are native to the far east (Temperate and Tropical Zones) but have been widely planted around the world.

The young shoots of almost all species are edible raw or cooked. Raw shoots have a slightly bitter taste that is removed by boilling. To prepare, remove the tough protective sheath that is coated with tawny or red hairs. Thee seed grain of the flowering bamboo is also edible. Boil the seeds like rice orpulterize them, mix with water and make into cakes.

Use the nature bamboo to build structures or to make containers, ladles, spoons, and various other cooking utensils. Also use bamboo strong bow by splitting the bamboo and putting saveral pieces together.

CAMEL

The dromedary camel is characterized by a long curved neck, deep narrow chest, and a single hump. Hair length is longer on the throat, soulder, and hump. The size of the hump vaires with the nutricional status of the camel, becoming smaller to no exsistent during time of starvation. Their lifepan is 40 until 50 years. They usually live in middle east asia and africa.

The dromedary camel is an herbivore, eating primarlly thorny plants and dry grasses. Dromedary usually from groups of 2-20 individuals. The group, or family, consists of one male, and one to saveral females, sub adults, and young. The male is the dominant member of the family group and directs the family from the rear while the females take turns leading. Domedaries tend to travel by walking sigle file. Camel typically have 1 offspring at a time, after a gestasion period of 15 months. Young are raised for a period of 2 years,before reaching adulthood. Camel rach sexual maturly begin mating at approxmately 4-5 years of age.

The drome dary camel is used as a beast of burden by humans and also provides humans with milk, maeat, wool, leather, and fuel from dried manure. Through these services, the dromedary camel has enabled humans to inhabit the seemingly inhabitable dessert.   

BALI

There are so many places to see in bali that my friends is decided to join the tours to see as much as possible. My friends stayed in kuta on arrival. He spend the first three days swimming and surfing on kuta beach. He visited some tour agents and selected two tours. The first one was to singaraja, the second was to the ubud.

One day of the tour, he was ready. My friend and his group drove on through mountains. Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousands people. It is a busy but quiet town. The street are lined with trees and there are many old dutch houses. Then they returned very late in the evening to kuta.

The second tour to ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the secenary but to see the art and the craft on the island. The first stop was at batubula,  a center of stone sculpture. There my friend wached young boys were carving at big blocks of stone. The next stop was celuk, a center for silvermths and goldenmiths. After that he stopped a little while for launch at sukawati on to mass. Mass is a tourist center.

My friend ten day stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spend on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet statisfied